Canine Parvovirus
Parvovirus (Parvo, for short) is a highly contagious and potentially fatal virus that affects dogs, especially puppies. But with early care and new treatment options, recovery is possible.
Who is at risk
Puppies between six weeks and six months old are most at risk, as their immune systems are still developing and they may not have completed their vaccination series. Unvaccinated adult dogs can also become infected, especially if they are exposed in high-risk environments. Certain breeds such as Rottweilers, Doberman Pinschers, American Pit Bull Terriers, and German Shepherds may be more susceptible, though any unvaccinated dog is at risk.
Signs to watch for
Severe vomiting
Diarrhea, often bloody
Lethargy and weakness
Loss of appetite
Fever or low body temperature
Dehydration
If your dog is showing these signs and is unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated, immediate veterinary care is essential. Do not wait. Parvovirus can worsen rapidly and requires professional treatment.
What to expect at the vet
Dogs with parvovirus usually require hospitalization and intensive care. Treatment typically includes:
Intravenous fluids and electrolytes to treat dehydration
Anti-nausea medications to reduce vomiting
Antibiotics to prevent or treat secondary bacterial infections
Nutritional support, sometimes through syringe or IV feeding
New monoclonal antibody therapy
Some veterinary clinics now offer monoclonal antibody therapy for parvo. This treatment:
Targets the virus directly to reduce damage to the intestines
Has shown promising results in speeding up recovery
Can be costly and is typically used in addition to, not instead of, standard supportive care
Considerations at home
The environment can remain contaminated. Parvovirus can survive in soil and on surfaces for months to a year. Any space your infected dog has used—including your yard, floors, crates, and bedding—can pose a risk to other dogs.
No unvaccinated dogs or puppies should have contact with these areas for at least 12 months.
Disinfect thoroughly. Clean all indoor surfaces with a bleach solution (1 part bleach to 30 parts water). Focus on areas your dog has touched, including floors, toys, bowls, and bedding.
Limit exposure. Keep your recovering dog isolated from other dogs until your veterinarian confirms it is safe.
Prevention is the best protection
Vaccination is highly effective against parvovirus. Puppies should begin their vaccine series at six to eight weeks old and continue with boosters as recommended by your veterinarian. Limit exposure to potentially contaminated areas like dog parks, kennels, or pet stores until your dog is fully vaccinated.
Summary
Parvo is a serious, fast-acting disease, but it is also preventable and, with prompt treatment, sometimes survivable. Knowing what to look for and acting fast can save lives. Stay informed, stay prepared, and talk to your vet about vaccination today.
