Constipation, Feline
Constipation in cats is the infrequent or difficult passage of hard, dry stool. When constipation becomes severe and prolonged, it is called obstipation. Over time, repeated constipation can lead to megacolon, a condition where the colon becomes enlarged and loses its ability to move stool normally.
Who is Most Affected?
Any cat can develop constipation, but it is more common in middle-aged and older cats.
Manx cats are predisposed due to a spinal abnormality.
Cats with chronic kidney disease, obesity, or a history of constipation are at higher risk.
Clinical Signs
Straining or crying in the litter box
Small, hard, or absent stools
Multiple unproductive attempts to defecate
Lethargy or hiding
Decreased appetite or weight loss
Vomiting
Diagnostic Tests
Your veterinarian may recommend:
Physical exam (+/- rectal exam) – to feel for stool, pain, or masses
Bloodwork & urinalysis – to check hydration and underlying disease
X-rays – to look for stool build-up, obstruction, fractures, or megacolon
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on severity and underlying cause:
Hydration support – fluids to help soften stool
Enemas – to help evacuate stool (never use over-the-counter human enemas, as some are toxic to cats)
Laxatives – such as lactulose or Miralax® (only under veterinary guidance)
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution treatment – involves placement of a feeding tube into the stomach, through which a special solution (polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution) is slowly given to help soften and flush out impacted stool
Used in more severe cases. Hospitalization necessary.
Manual evacuation – sometimes needed under anesthesia
Surgery – in severe or chronic cases of megacolon
Things You Can Do at Home
Encourage water intake with water fountains or extra bowls
Feed canned food and/or add water to meals
Keep your cat at a healthy weight
Provide easy-to-access litter boxes
Give medications or supplements exactly as prescribed
Seek veterinary care if constipation is suspected
Follow-Up Care
Cats with constipation often need ongoing management to prevent recurrence.
Monitor litter box habits daily.
Regular veterinary check-ups are important to track progress and adjust treatment.
Prognosis
Many cats respond well to supportive therapy and lifestyle changes.
Some may experience repeated episodes.
Severe or chronic cases (especially megacolon) may require long-term treatment or surgery.
Final Thought: Constipation is common in cats but can usually be managed with the right care. Early recognition, supportive treatment, and preventive measures go a long way in keeping your cat comfortable and healthy.
Gal Chivvis, DVM
