Constipation, Canine
Constipation is the infrequent, difficult, or painful passage of stool. Dogs may strain, pass small or hard stools, or sometimes be unable to pass any stool at all. Severe cases can lead to obstipation, which is a complete blockage, or secondary problems like loss of appetite and abdominal discomfort.
Who is Most Affected?
Older dogs
Dogs with orthopedic issues that make posturing painful
Dogs with underlying diseases such as neurologic disease, hypothyroidism, anal gland disease, or prostate enlargement
Dehydrated dogs or those on very low-fiber diets
Signs to Watch For
Straining with little or no stool produced
Small, dry, hard stools
Pain or vocalization while defecating
Scooting, licking, or visible discomfort
Decreased appetite, lethargy, or vomiting in more severe cases
Common Differentials for Scooting or Straining
Straining or scooting can be caused by several conditions other than just constipation:
Diarrhea, which causes increased urgency and irritation of the colon
Anal sac disease, including impaction, infection, or abscess of the anal glands
Gastrointestinal parasites such as whipworms, hookworms, or other intestinal parasites
Less common causes include rectal masses, perineal hernia, or trauma
Causes of True Constipation
Dietary issues such as low fiber, ingestion of bones, hair, or foreign material
Dehydration
Painful conditions such as arthritis or hip dysplasia that make squatting difficult
Enlarged prostate in intact male dogs
Neurologic disease affecting colon function
Certain medications, including opioids or antihistamines
What You Can Do at Home
Make sure your dog has plenty of fresh water
Ensure regular exercise and potty breaks
Feed a balanced diet; some dogs benefit from added fiber. Natural sources of fiber that can be added safely include plain canned pumpkin or cooked green beans.
Never give human laxatives without veterinary instruction, as they can be dangerous for dogs
When to See the Veterinarian
Contact your veterinarian if:
Your dog strains repeatedly without passing stool
Constipation lasts more than 24 to 48 hours
You see blood, vomiting, or signs of pain
Your dog’s behavior seems changed from their normal
Veterinary Care May Include
Fluids to correct dehydration
Prescription stool softeners or laxatives
Enemas, performed only by a veterinarian
Treating underlying causes such as prostate disease, arthritis, or dietary issues
Final Thought:
Constipation in dogs is common but should never be ignored. With veterinary care, most dogs do very well once the underlying cause is identified and managed. However, please seek care if your dog is uncomfortable.
Gal Chivvis, DVM
